In this paper, some hidden aspects of composite right-/Left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) and couplers are clarified. Complete and detailed dispersion analysis of an isolated CRLH TL is presented including lossless and lossy cases based on a conventional unit cell, devised formerly. Dispersion analysis of CRLH TLs is extended form the conventional to an accurate unit cell. Capability of TLs consisting of such unit cells in supporting RLH waves is demonstrated. A pure analytical strategy is proposed for parameter extraction of CRLH TLs and symmetric couplers based on accurate circuit models. It is shown that by including loss parameters in the circuit model, there is no need to make use of curve fitting methods for parameters extraction of said couplers.

A compact and sharp rejection UWB microstrip bandpass filter is developed using of Left handed metamaterials. For realizing a backward-wave propagation medium, two split ring resonator (CSRR) in the back substrate side and also one series capacitor etched in the host line, are used to produce a negative effective ε and μ , simultaneously. Moreover, two doublets parallel coupling gaps is placed at each side of the series capacitor, in the proposed structure. In comparison with the other similar filters, this structure shows a significantly wider passband due to the introduction of a cross-coupling between the feed lines (input and output) which generate four pairs of attenuation poles in the passband. On top of that, using two CSRRs and series capacitor leads to the addition of two extra transmission poles at the lower and upper edges of the filter. Consequently, a compact six-pole ultra-wide bandpass filter is designed and fabricated which exhibits extremely sharp rejection skirts around the target passband. Its passband covers 3. 67 to 10. 42 GHz and its measured 3 dB fractional bandwidth is about 95. 8%. To the best of our knowledge, the size of proposed ultra-wideband filter is more compact in comparison with known similar filters.

In this paper, a compact high-pass filter (HPF) with a sharp rejection response based on the balanced composite right-Left handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) concept is proposed. A series LC resonator using an interdigital capacitor and meander lines is designed. Also, a meander spiral complementary split ring resonator (MSCSRR) is used to realize the parallel LC resonator. The high-pass filter is implemented in microstrip technology by etching MSCSRR, in the ground plane, and series interdigital capacitor with meander lines, in the signal strip. Because of a smaller electrical size of the proposed MSCSRR and also by using meander lines instead of conventional transmission lines, the total physical dimension of the proposed high-pass filter has been reduced. A detailed analysis of the structure, based on the equivalent circuit model is provided. The structure exhibits a balanced CRLH behavior and by properly tuning the geometry of the elements, a high-pass response with a sharp transition band is obtained. To validate the design concept, the proposed high-pass filter has been fabricated and tested. Experimental verification is provided and a good agreement has been found between the simulation and measurement results. To our knowledge, the size of proposed HPF is more compact in comparison with known similar filters.

handedness is related to lateralization of behavioral skills and differences in structure and function in motor system. The aim of this research is to study the bilateral transfer of learning between the rightand Left-handers during the process of transfer from the dominant to nondominant hand and vice versa. Participants were undergraduates of Payam-e Noor University of Andimeshk in the academic year 2009-2010.30 Left-handers (13 females and 17 males) and 42 right-handers (17 females and 25 males) were randomly selected and placed in two conditions: the transfer from dominant to non-dominant hand and nondominant to dominant hand. Chapman's handedness questionnaire was used to identify the Left- and right-handers. In addition, mirror drawing apparatus was used to measure the learning transfer. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance method. Results showed a meaningful difference in learning transfer between the two conditions.The average number of errors committed and the time spent by Left- and right-handers in the process of transfer from dominant to non-dominant hand were less than the errors they committed and the time they spent in the second condition. In addition, learning transfer occurred at a faster rate in the first condition. The analysis also revealed that the Left-handed and right-handed students showed no meaningful difference in learning transfer rate. In sum, skill learning is transferred from dominant organs to non-dominant ones.

Background and Purpose: Laterality is a controversial issue that related to lateralization or assignment of brain hemispheres to specific activities. The purpose of this study was to compare the self-concept, anxiety, and dexterity between Left-handed and right-handed students. Method: The present study is causal-comparative. The population of the study consisted of all girls and boys students aged 9-14 years old who were studying in Tabriz city in 2016. After identifying selected schools, 30 Left-handed and 30 right-handed students were selected through purposeful sampling. The research data were obtained by using the handedness quetionnair (Chapman & Chapman, 1987), Piers-Harris children's self-concept scale (1981), Beck anxiety scale (1988) and Purdue Pegboard (Tiffin & Asher, 1948). For data analysis, independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance were used. Results: The results showed a significant difference in the self-concept and anxiety components between the two groups of Left-handed and right-handed students, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of dexterity (P <0. 05) Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is a difference between the Left-handed and right-handed students in emotional, behavioral and motor dimensions, which should be considered by families and child psychologists.

Background and Aims: The precision of periodontal pocket measurements with periodontal probe is related to different factors. Some of these are related to examiner. The purpose of this study was to compare the righthanded and Left-handed dental students in the measurement of periodontal pocket depth (PPD).Materials and Methods: Eight systemically healthy adult patients (mean age of 35 years) with 0.5-6 mm periodontal pocket depth and a minimum of 20 teeth were examined by 4 right-handed and 4 Left-handed students of dentistry (mean age of 25 years). These students were trained for periodontal examination probe depth measurements with Williams probe. Measurements were inserted in SPSS software and analyzed with Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCS) and T-test.Results: There was statistically significant difference in the measurement of PPD between right-handed and Lefthanded examiners in the whole mouth (P<0.05), but this difference (0.08 mm) was not clinically significant. The most difference was found in the posterior teeth of mandible at right quadrant (mean=0.2 mm). Analyses of each pair of same handed and different handed examiners with T-test and ICCS showed that these measurements were nearly similar and reproducible. Conclusion: There was no clinically significant difference in measurement of PPD between right-handed and Lefthanded examiners.

Introduction: According to the previous studies, Left hemisphere of the brain has specialized for language processing. The relation between handedness and the brain hemispheres is very obvious. In more than 95% of right- handed people and 70% of Left- handed people the Left hemisphere is responsible for language processing generally. A few studies have investigated the relationship between handedness and the brain hemispheres by means of Dichotic Consonant- Vowel (DCV) test. The aim of the present study is to investigate the results of DCV test in right- handed and Left- handed adults with normal hearing.Materials and Methods: 40 right- handed and 40 Left- handed adults aged between 18- 40 years whose handedness was verified by Edinburgh scale participated in this study. This research was performed at rehabilitation faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences. DCV test results were analyzed t- test parametric and Mann- Whitney non- parametric statistical tests.Results: Right- handed group scores were more than Left- handed group scores which was meaningful statistically (P≤0.01). The percentage of double corrected consonant- vowels in right- handed group was more than this in Left- handed group.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that right- handed group function is better than Left- handed group function in the DCV test. Right ear advantage is obvious not only in right- handed group but also in Left- handed one which shows Left hemisphere advantage in processing the linguistic information.

Background: The relationship between handedness, intelligence and cognitive abilities has been of interest of many researchers for a long time. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare intelligence (verbal and practical) and its subscales scores based on handedness between two groups, Left and right-handed. Method: The sample comprised 120 graduate students who were randomly selected and measured by Edinburg's handedness Inventory and Wechslers Adult Intelligence Scale. Results: test and Multivariate analysis of variance showed that there is significant difference between the Left-handed and right-handed in overall intelligence score (t=2.63, P<0.05), verbal intelligence (F=61.13, P<0.01), three of verbal intelligence subscales (Information, Digit span and comprehension) and some of practical intelligence subscales (picture completion, picture arrangement, block design). The total and verbal intelligence of the Left-handed is more than the right-handed. But, the practical intelligence (F=0.021, P>0.05) and its two subscales (Object Assembly and coding) did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: This research could create appropriate learning environments and sensitivity to the complexity and the combination of cognitive, psychological and neurological excelled in terms of learning and intelligence help.